References on a resume: what to do

Should you write "references available upon request"?

Generally, no, in the US, UK and Canada. Employers assume you'll provide references if asked, so the line uses space without adding anything. Leave it off unless the job ad specifically asks for references on the application.

Don't put referees' details on the resume itself

Keep names, phone numbers and emails of references off your main resume. It protects their privacy and saves space. Prepare a separate references page and send it when an employer asks.

How to build a references page

1. Pick 2 to 4 people who know your work: a recent manager, a supervisor, a client, or for students a teacher or placement supervisor.
2. Ask permission first. Tell them the kind of roles you're applying for and send your current resume.
3. Confirm their details: name, job title, organization, how they know you, phone and email they're happy to share.
4. Use the same header as your resume (name, contact) so it looks like a set.
5. Let them know when an employer may call, and thank them afterwards.

Example references page layout

All names, numbers and emails above are fictional.

Country notes

• US and Canada: employers usually ask for references late in the process. Some ask in the application form.
• UK: employers often take up references after an offer, and the offer may be conditional on them. Some CVs end with "References available on request"; it is common but optional and safe to drop.

Mistakes to avoid

• Listing someone without asking.
• Using family members.
• Out-of-date contact details.
• Including a reference you're unsure will speak well of you.

Related: ATS-friendly resume · Professional summary · CV vs resume. Check your resume with the free ATS resume checker.

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